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The extra 20 ounces of Starbucks® water has increased the blood flow into the (8) (a. Bowman’s capsule; b. glomerulus; c. proximal convoluted tubule; d. collecting ducts), a tangled mass of capillaries from which proto-urine first leaks. The urine was first collected by the (9) (a. Bowman’s capsule; b. glomerulus; c. proximal convoluted tubule; d. collecting ducts), then passing through the (10) (a. Bowman’s capsule; b. glomerulus; c. proximal convoluted tubule; d. collecting ducts), and, in the juxtamedullary nephrons, down through (11) (a. the Loops of Henle; b. glomerulus; c. distal convoluted tubule; d. afferent arterioles), where much of the water of the urine was re-absorbed. But the caffeine has blocked the adenosine receptors of her renal tubule, and the sodium pumps have slowed, resulting in (a. more; b. less) sodium left in her urine. To boot, something is interfering with the (12) (a. glomerular; b. potassium channels; c. sodium channels; d. aquaporin; e. GLUT 4) membrane proteins throughout Edith’s body, and after this big sugary drink, her blood sugar is too high, and the cells of the (13) (a. proximal convoluted tubule; b. glomerulus; c. collecting ducts; d. medulla; e. loops of Henle) are unable to transport the excess glucose (14) (a. in; b. out) of the filtrate.
